1. J .G. March, Decisions and Organizations (Cambridge,
Massachusetts: Basil Blackwell, 1988).
2. For example: M.S. Scott Morton, The Corporation of the 1990s:
lnformation Technology and Organizational Transformation (New
York: Oxford University Press, 1991);
P.G.W. Keen, Shaping the Future: Business Design through lnformation
Technology (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1991); and
D.R. Vincent, Т he lnformation-Based Corporation: Stakeholder
Economics and the Technology lnvestment (Homewood, Illinois: Dow
Jones-Irwin, 1990).
3. ]. Thorbeck, "The Turnaround Value ofValues," Harvard Business
Review, January-February 1991, рр. 52-62.
4. ]. Pfeffer, Power in Organizations (New York: HarperBusiness,
1986).
5. See articles in W.G. McGowan, ed., Revolution in Real-Тime:
Managing lnformation Technology in the 1990s (Boston: Harvard
Business School Press, 1991). А notaЬ!e exception to the apolitical
perspective is found in
M.L. Markus, "Power, Politics, and MIS Implementation,"
Communications of the АСМ 26:6 Gune 1983): 434-444.
6. J.G. March, "The Business Firm as а Political Coalition," in J.G.
March (1988).
7. А term similar to "technocratic utopianism" has been defined, without
reference to information management, Ьу Howard Р. Segal. See:
Н.Р. Segal, Technologi,cal Utopianism in American Culture (Chicago:
University ofChicago Press, 1985).
SLOAN МANAGEMENT REvшw/FALL 1992
8. See R.A. Caro, The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall of New
York (New York: Random House, 1975); and
Chinatown, the film.
9. See D.L. Goodhue, J.A Quillard, and J.F. Rockart, "Managing the
Data Resource: А Contingency Perspective," MIS Quarterly
(September 1988), 373-392; and
D.L. Goodhue, L. Кirsch, J.A Quillard, and М. Wybo, "Strategic
Data Planning: Lessons from the Field" (Cambridge, Massachusetts:
MIT Sloan School of Management, Center for Information Systems
Research, Working Paper No. 215, October 1990).
10. Some interesting examples of feudalism, again largely outside the
inforrnation management context, are described in:
]. Pfeffer, Managi,ng with Power (Boston: Harvard Business School
Press, 1991).
11. Some of the reasons for these discrepancies are described in:
S.M. McКinnon and W.J. Bruns, Jr., The lnformation Mosaic
(Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1992).
12. L.M. Applegate and C.S. Osborn, "Phillips 66 Company:
Executive Information System," 9-189-006 (Boston: Harvard
Business School, 1988).
13. В. Burrough and J. Helyar, Barbariam at the Gate (New York:
HarpeJ& Row, 1990).
14. See Goodhue et а!. (1988) and
Goodhue et а!. (1990).
15. "Using Information Strategically: А Road Мар for the 90s,"
Information and Telecommunications Systerns, IВМ Corporation, 15
November 1990.
16. McКinnon and Bruns (1992).
17. See the proceedings volume from the Xerox Document
Symposium, March 10-11, 1992, Xerox Corporation, Stamford,
Connecticut.
18. L. Sproull and S. Кiesler, Connectiom: New Ways ofWorking in the
Networked Organization (Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press,
1991).
19. See ]. Iinder and D. Stoddard, "Aetna Life & Casualty: Corporate
Technology Planning," 9-187-037 (Boston: Harvard Business School,
1986).
20. ]. Gladstone and N. Nohria, "Symantec," N9-491-010 (Boston:
Harvard Business School, 1990, revised 4 February 1991).
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